Breakthrough in Blockchain Technology: Innovative Solution by Sui Lutris

Blockchain technology has made significant progress since the birth of Bitcoin. With the emergence of new application scenarios such as games and NFTs, the industry continuously explores ways to improve technological efficiency, especially in handling high loads and real-time delays. Currently, L1 blockchains face two major challenges: one is to achieve high throughput while maintaining low latency, and the other is to ensure the long-term stability of consensus protocols. When addressing these issues, it is also necessary to maintain decentralization through the dynamic participation and reconfiguration of validating nodes.

One way to increase throughput is to adopt DAG-based consensus protocols, such as Narwhale/Bullshark. These types of protocols can handle a large number of transactions simultaneously, making them well-suited for applications like gaming and NFTs. However, these protocols often result in a delay of a few seconds, which can be a high time cost for regular transfers or gaming operations.

On the other hand, consensus-free protocols (such as FastPay) demonstrate great potential in reducing latency and improving scalability. These protocols achieve fast processing of transactions by eliminating the need for consensus, allowing independent transactions to be processed in parallel without global ordering. However, they are limited to a class of constrained simple Blockchain operations, restricting the complexity of executable smart contracts, and face challenges in dynamically reconfiguring the validator set.

Although these methods have potential, they are currently mostly in the academic research phase and have not yet been widely applied in production-level Blockchains. Sui Lutris, as a protocol supporting Sui, innovatively combines DAG-based consensus with non-consensus methods, achieving the best of both worlds: sub-second latency and sustained throughput of thousands of transactions per second. At the same time, Sui also maintains the ability to execute complex contracts on shared objects, generate checkpoints, and reconfigure the validator set across cycles.

Sui Lutris adopts a unique hybrid approach. For operations involving assets owned by a single owner (owned objects), the system employs a consistent broadcasting protocol among validators to achieve sub-consensus latency. For complex smart contracts running on shared objects, Sui Lutris relies on a consensus mechanism. Additionally, it supports network maintenance operations, such as defining checkpoints and reconfiguring validators. This innovative strategy provides a method for transaction processing that balances efficiency and security in a replicated Byzantine environment.

The transaction lifecycle of Sui Lutris includes the following steps: users create and sign transactions, verifying nodes perform checks and signatures, the client collects responses from verifying nodes to form a transaction certificate, and the certificate is sent back to verifying nodes for confirmation. Transactions involving only exclusive objects can be processed immediately; other transactions are processed through a DAG-based consensus protocol. After the consensus output certificate's total order, verifying nodes execute transactions that include shared objects, and the client can collect responses to form an effect certificate as proof of transaction settlement.

In addition to the main trading process, Sui Lutris also offers multiple features that support production-level Blockchain.

1. Implement checkpoint protocols to generate the causal history of all transactions in the system for complete auditing and efficient synchronization.

2. Support reconfiguration at the end of each cycle, allowing changes to the validator set and their voting rights.

3. Safely "unlock" incorrectly locked assets at the end of the cycle to minimize damage caused by potential vulnerabilities.

Sui Lutris provides strong technical support for the Sui Blockchain, enabling it to securely manage a large number of user assets. The protocol offers security proofs within the standard distributed system model, providing new ideas and directions for the future development of blockchain technology.